"The word ‘cosmopolitan’, which derives from the Greek
word kosmopolitês (‘citizen of the world’),
has been used to describe a wide variety of important views in moral
and socio-political philosophy. The nebulous core shared by all
cosmopolitan views is the idea that all human beings, regardless of
their political affiliation, are (or can and should be) citizens in a
single community. Different versions of cosmopolitanism envision this
community in different ways, some focusing on political institutions,
others on moral norms or relationships, and still others focusing on
shared markets or forms of cultural expression. In most versions of
cosmopolitanism, the universal community of world citizens functions
as a positive ideal to be cultivated, but a few versions exist in
which it serves primarily as a ground for denying the existence of
special obligations to local forms of political
organizations. Versions of cosmopolitanism also vary depending on the
notion of citizenship they employ, including whether they use the
notion of 'world citizenship' literally or metaphorically. The
philosophical interest in cosmopolitanism lies in its challenge to
commonly recognized attachments to fellow-citizens, the local state,
parochially shared cultures, and the like."
Kleingeld, Pauline and Brown, Eric, "Cosmopolitanism," The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2014 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.),
URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2014/entries/cosmopolitanism/>.
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